Stop-cock



May 7, 1935. w. M. zAlKowsKY 2,000,552

STOP COCK Filed Dec. 26, 1950 WWlM/WMM/mw'wwwll/M .23m/en for `Patel-.rated May 7, 1935 i I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE STOP-COCK Wladimir M. Zakowsky, Pasadena, Oalif. Application December 26, 1930, Serial No. 504,790 s Claims. (o1. 251-100) JI'his invention relates to stop-cocks,'and more ing arms forming a straight uninterrupted bore particularly to improvements inthe construction through the barrel and stopper, and provided with of the three way stop-cocks. a handle which indicates the positionof the bore. The use of stop-cocks for permitting the pre- It is a further object of this invention to provide determined ow of fluids through an orice is a straight, pocketless, uninterrupted bore through 5 `quite well-known, and are used in many apparathe stopper of a T stop-cock along the chord of a tus., Universal application of these stop-cocks 120 arc. 1. is found particularly in gas analysis apparatus In agas analysis apparatus, the stop-cock snugsuch as the Orsatt or Hempel. However, the 1y fits into a barrel or bore of a T-shaped maniknown stop-cocks are open to many objections, fold. One of the upper arms of the T leads to a l0 which render their use in gas analysis apparatus measuring burette (notA shown) containing a objectionable due to their construction. Such measured quantity of gas; the other end leads to stop-cocks do not lend themselves very readily a vessel confining a liquid (usually mercury) and to insure accurate results. It is therefore an obthe leg of the T leads to a pipette containing an ject of this invention to provide a stop-cock which absorbing agent. The gas is circulated back and l5 obviates the objection of the prior art and perforth from the measuring burette to the pipette mits an increase in accuracy when-used in gas until all of a definite element or elements is abanalysis apparatus. sorbed by the absorbing agent. This constantl It is now the common practice to make stopcirculation of the gas through the absorbing agent cocks with the hole drilled through the center causes a foam to form in the leg of the T which 20 of the stopper along a line normal to the longiprevents the complete return of the gas, minus tudinal axis thereof. Such practice, when apthe absorbed element, tothe measuring burette; plied to the three-way T-shaped stop-cocks, reand the gas flowing out of the pipette has a tendquires the use of an additional hole or bore norency to carry along with it the little droplets or J mal to the central bore. By means of this stoppistons of reagent. Accordingly, the measuring cock, communication between any two ends of burette would not accurately indicate the volume the bores or all the ends simultaneously, may be of gas absorbed by the absorbing reagent.

had. This formation of a foam and the carrying of 'I'his simultaneous communication between all the droplets into the'measuring burette by the the ends of the bores, can also be had by means gas, can be eliminated by providing a bulbous por- 30 of V-shaped bores in the stopper. In both of tion in the leg of the T which breaks up the dropthese stop-cocks of the prior art, the shape of the lets or emulsion of reagent in the gas and insures bores through the stopper forms pockets which the complete return of the unabsorbed gas to the entrap small quantities of gas which ordinarily measuring burette. It is therefore a further obshould have been returned to the measuring buject ofthis invention to provide my stop-cock with 35 rette. It is accordingly obvious that the gas in a bulbous portion in the leg of a T-shaped manithe measuring burette does not indicate the acfold which breaks up the droplets or pistons of curate quantity in the apparatus. Moreover, in reagent and prevents their being carried with the these stop-cocks of the prior art, no external ingas into the measuring'burette.

4o dicating means are available for indicating which My invention possesses many other advantages, 40 particular bore is in communication with the and has other objects which may be made more measuring burette. easily apparent from a consideration of several I have found that a three Way Connection iS embodiments of my invention. For this purpose DO SSible in a T-J'Oini by utilizing' a Single Straight I have shown a few forms in the drawing accombore in the Stopper. having an external means panying and forming part of the`present speci- 45 for indicating the direction thereof. I accomcation. I shall now proceed to describe these pliSh this by providing a Single hole bOI'ed through forms in detail, which illustrate the general printhe barrel and the Stepper 310mg the chord of ciples of my invention; but it is to be understood 120 arc and having the handle to the stopper that this detailed description is not to be taken similarly oset and parallel to this hole. In this in a limiting sense, since the scope of my inven- 50 manner all pockets at the arms for entrapping tion is best dei-ined by the appended claims.

uids in the bends are eliminated, and the posi- Referring to the drawing:

tion of the handle indicates the position of the Figure l is an enlarged sectional view of a porhole or connection. It is therefore another obtion of a gas analysis manifold including my ject of this invention to provide a stop-cock havnovel stop-cock; 55.

.curacy of the measurements.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged perspective of the stop cock embodying my invention;

Fig. 3.is an enlarged perspective of a modification thereof;

Fig. 4 is an elevation of a further modification;

Fig. 5 is a section along the plane 5 5 of Fig. 4; and Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of a gas analysis manifold embodying my invention.

In order to more fully set forth the novel elements of my stop-cock, it will be described in conjunction with a portion of a manifold or a gas analysis apparatus. However, it is to be understood that this invention is not to be construed as limited to the specific use to be described, but is intended to include all stop-cocks having the same or similar characteristics. l

The stopper I is shown as a being snugly fitted for rotation in the core or barrel II of a gas analysis manifold. This manifold is of T-shape, and comprises an arm I2 leading to a measuring burette (not shown) an arm I3 leading to a vessel (not shown) containing a liquid such as mercury; and a leg I4 leading to a pipette (not shown) containing an absorbing reagent. There can be as many legs I4 as desired which lead to absorbing pipettes, although in actual practice there are three pipettes containing absorbant reagents such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, fuming sulphuric acid, and pyrogallic acid for absorbing carbon dioxide, illuminates, and oxygen .respectively from the gas within the measuring pendicular to them. Communication between the bores I5, I5' and I6 is normally interrupted by the base or stopper I'I of the stop-cockv I0. Stopper I1 is of conventional cylindrical form, tapering slightly towards the free end.

In order to establish communication between the respective bores, such as I5, I5'; I5, I6; or I5', I6; a straight single uninterrupted bore I8 is formed in the stopper I'I. 'I'his bore is drilled through the 'stopper I'I 'along the chord of an arc of 120. In this manner a three way joint is provided which permits communication between any two respective bores in the manifold without the formation of pockets which Would'entrap gas. Since bore I8 and arms I2 and I3 are not characterized by crooks or bends, there are no pockets in the stopper which are not ushed completely by the confining liquid, andv accordingly several of these Stoppers can be inserted in the arms of the manifold without impairing ythe ac- This is due to the elimination of traps for the gas as is the cas with the stop-'cocks of thapriorart.

The stopper I1 can be turned in barrel II to establish communication -between any two bores in the manifold as by a handle I9. This handle is formed integral with a neck 20 ofthe stopper I1, and is .positioned parallel to and above the lbore I8 and accordingly indicates between which bores of the manifold communication is permitted. This feature is of prime importance as it eliminates the possibility of directing gas or reagents to a place'other than intended.

An enlarged bulbous portion 2I is formed in leg Il in line with bore I6. 'I'his portion prevents the formation of a foam or the carrying of the drop- This bore is in the same plane as bores I5-I5', and is perlets or pistons of reagent along with the gas to the measuring burette, and thus insures accurate measurements in a manner now to be described.

As heretofore stated, leg I4 leads to a pipette (not shown) containing an absorbing reagent. This reagent extends through bore I6 nearly up to its entry into barrel II. Let us assume that it is desired to percolate a measured quantity of gas through the pipette in order to absorb an element or elements therefrom. The stop-cock III would then be turned until bore I8 assumes the position shown in dotted lines establishing communication between bore I5 leading to the meas- .uring instrument and bore I6. To insure complete absorption of the element or elements by the reagent, the gas is vpercolated over the reagent a number of times by causing the gas to flow back and forth between the measuring burette and the pipette. I'his constant percolation causes a foam to form in bore I6 only, as the reagent is never permitted to 110W past the point of entry of the bore into barrel II.

Now if it is deemed that the element or elements is completely absorbed, the gas is run back into the measuring burette and the diierence in reading indicates the amount of a certain constituent of the gas which has been absorbed. However, as some of the gas has caused the formation of droplets or pistons of reagent in the bore I6 due to constant percolation, it is apparent that the reading is not an accurate indication of the constituents absorbed. In my device, the formation of and the carrying over of the droplets into the measuring burette is eliminated as the bulbous portion 2l breaks up the 'gas enclosed droplets of reagent when it flows upwards into bore I6.

Passageway I8 need not of necessity be in the form of a bore or hole as in Figs. 1 and 2, as the same results may be effected in the manner shown in Fig. 3. In this gure the handle, neck and stopper are the same as in Fig. 2, butin this instance a channel or passageway '22 is formed by cutting out a 120 segment from the stopper.

In Figs. 4 and 5 a further modification is shown. In this form, communication between the bores in the manifold can be established by passageway 23. Passageway 23 is formed in the stopper along an arc of 120.

In Fig. 6, a diagrammatic representation of a complete manifold is shown. In effect, this manifold is formed of a plurality of T-shaped members such as is shown in Fig. 1, having the arms I2, I3 and consequently the bores I5, I5' in alhorizontal, aligned position. In this man- -ner a straight horizontal bore is provided which connects at one end to a measuring burette and at the other end to theniercury vessel. Thus, the mercury has always a uniform resistance to the gas, assuring accurate results, which is wholly due to the straight line horizontal bore that eliminates the formation of pockets. In addition, the manifold can be readily cleaned without necessitating the dismantling thereof, which was not possible in the devicesr of the prior art.

In all of the forms shown and described, communication between the arms of the manifold is established by a straight passageway which eliminates the formation of bends or pockets and lends itself.'Y conveniently for ready cleaning Without necessitating the complete dismantling and regreasing of the stop-cocks ot the apparatus.

In a'gas analysis apparatus, the stop-cocks are usually formed of glass, but as this stop-cock has application to instruments other than gas analysis apparatus, it is readily apparent that it can be formed of any suitable material such as hard rubber, metal etc.

I claim:

1. A gas analysis manifold comprising a plurality of interconnecting T-joints, a three way stop-cock rotatable in a barrel connecting the arms or either arm and leg of each of the T- joints, said barrel being arranged in such a manner that the arms intersect the barrels at the ends of a chord of a 120 arc whereby a straight uninterrupted passageway between all of the arms may be had.

2. In combination with a valve comprising a 3. A three-way stop-cock including: a barrel,

having three arms extendingfrom the barrel and in the same plane, forming a T, the two arms of the T forming a straight passageway that in- -tersects the barrel at the ends of a 120 arc, and a stopper having a single, uninterruptedY passageway, said passageway intercepting the pewnADImR M. zAmowsKY.

-riphery of the stopper at the ends of a 120 arc. 15 

